Cire Zafi daga Hakar Kudi na Sirri ta Hanyar Sanyaya da Feshin Ruwa: Nazarin Fasaha da Aiki

1. Gabatarwa

Hakar Bitcoin tsari ne mai cinye makamashi mai yawa, inda cibiyar sadarwar duniya ke cinye kimanin TWh 150 a shekara—wanda ya fi amfani da wutar lantarki na ƙasashe kamar Argentina. Mafi yawan wannan makamashin na lantarki a ƙarshe ana canza shi zuwa ƙaramin zafi kuma ana watsa shi cikin sararin samaniya ta hanyar sanyaya da iska, wanda ke wakiltar babban ɓarna. Wannan takarda ta magance wannan matsala ta hanyar gabatar da tsarin cire zafi mai ci gaba don injunan hakar kudi na sirri, ta amfani da sanyaya kai tsaye da feshin ruwa mai hana wutar lantarki. Babban ƙirƙira ya ta'allaka ne a haɓaka zafin zafin da ba a yi amfani da shi ba zuwa matakin da ake amfani da shi a zahiri (har zuwa 70°C) da sake fassara kimanta aiki ta hanyar ma'aunin Ingantaccen Amfani da Wutar Lantarki (PUE) wanda ya dogara da aiki, wanda ya wuce lissafin da ya dogara da makamashi na al'ada.

2. Tsarin Tsari & Hanyoyin Aiki

Tsarin da aka gabatar ya nisanta daga sanyaya da iska na al'ada zuwa hanyar madauki ta ruwa, wanda ke ba da damar kama da canja wurin makamashin zafi yadda ya kamata.

2.1 Tsarin Sanyaya da Feshin Ruwa

Ana ajiye masu haƙa a cikin wani akwati mai rufi. Ana fesa ruwan sanyaya mai hana wutar lantarki (ruwa mara ɗaukar wutar lantarki) kai tsaye a kan guntu na haƙa (ASICs). Wannan hanyar tana ba da mafi girman ƙididdiga na canja wurin zafi idan aka kwatanta da iska ko ma sanyaya na nutsarwa, yana ba da damar guntun suyi aiki a cikin iyakokin zafi mai aminci yayin da ruwan sanyaya ke ɗaukar zafi yadda ya kamata. Haɗin kai kai tsaye da babban ƙarfin zafi na ruwa yana ba da damar cire zafi a yanayin zafi mafi girma.

2.2 Madauki na Cire Zafi

Ana tattara ruwan sanyaya mai zafi kuma ana yaɗa shi ta hanyar kwandon dumama mai karkace da aka nutsar a cikin tankin ajiyar ruwan zafi mai rufi mai lita 190. Wannan yana aiki azaman baturin zafi, yana canja wurin zafi daga aikin haƙa zuwa wadataccen ruwan da ake iya amfani da shi. An tsara tsarin don haɗawa cikin tsarin dumama gine-gine, hanyoyin sadarwar dumama gundumomi, ko kuma azaman tushen dumama na farko don tukunyar jirgi da na'urorin ɗaukar zafi.

3. Nazarin Fasaha & Ma'auni

3.1 Makamashi vs. Aiki: Sake Fassara PUE

Babban gudummawar ra'ayi na takardar ita ce ƙalubalantar ma'aunin PUE na al'ada wanda ya dogara da makamashi. PUE na al'ada (Jimlar Makamashin Wuri / Makamashin Kayan Aikin IT) yana ɗaukar duk magudanan makamashi daidai. Duk da haka, ba duk zafi ne ke da daraja daidai ba. Aiki yana auna amfanin ko ingancin makamashi, yana la'akari da zafinsa dangane da muhalli. Masu rubutun sun ba da shawarar PUE wanda ya dogara da aiki, wanda ke lissafin ingancin makamashin zafin da aka dawo da shi, yana ba da hoto mafi gaskiya na ingancin tsari da dorewa.

3.2 Tsarin Lissafi

Aikin magudanan zafi a zafin $T$ (a cikin Kelvin) ana iya ƙididdige shi don dalilai na zahiri kamar haka: $$\text{Aiki}_{\text{zafi}} \approx Q \cdot \left(1 - \frac{T_0}{T}\right)$$ Inda $Q$ shine makamashin zafi (zafi) da aka dawo da shi, $T$ shine zafin tushen zafi, kuma $T_0$ shine zafin yanayi (yanayin tunani). Ana ƙididdige PUE wanda ya dogara da aiki ($\text{PUE}_{\text{ex}}$) sannan kamar haka: $$\text{PUE}_{\text{ex}} = \frac{\text{Shigar da Makamashin Lantarki} - \text{Aikin Zafin da aka Dawo da shi}}{\text{Shigar da Makamashin Lantarki zuwa Kayan Aikin IT}}$$ $\text{PUE}_{\text{ex}} < 1$ yana nuna cewa aiki mai amfani (aiki) na fitarwa na tsarin, gami da zafi mai inganci, ya wuce shigar da lantarki da aka keɓe don lissafi, wani sauyi mai tsauri a hangen nesa.

Amfani da Makamashin Bitcoin na Shekara

~150 TWh

> Cinyewar Argentina

Matsakaicin Zafin Ruwan Sanyaya da aka Samu

70°C

A cikin gwajin filin

PUE wanda ya dogara da Makamashi

1.03

Kusan madaidaici

PUE wanda ya dogara da Aiki

0.95

Ribar makamashi mai amfani

4. Sakamakon Gwaji & Aiki

4.1 Matsayin Zafin da aka Samu

Gwajin filin ya nuna cewa tsarin sanyaya da feshin ruwa zai iya samun zafin fitar ruwan sanyaya na 70°C yayin da yake kiyaye zafin guntu na haƙa a cikin iyakokin aiki masu aminci. Wannan sakamako ne mai mahimmanci saboda 70°C zafi ne mai inganci wanda ya dace don amfani kai tsaye. Mafi mahimmanci, ya cika mafi ƙarancin buƙatun zafin jiki don sarrafa haɗarin cutar legionellosis a cikin tsarin ruwan gine-gine kamar yadda ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 188-2018 ya tanada, yana ba da damar haɗawa cikin tsarin ruwan zafi na gida cikin aminci.

4.2 Lissafin PUE

Tsarin ya sami PUE mai inganci wanda ya dogara da makamashi na 1.03, yana nuna kusan duk ikon wurin yana zuwa ga nauyin IT tare da ƙaramin farashi. Mafi mahimmanci, ƙididdigar PUE wanda ya dogara da aiki ya kasance 0.95. Wannan adadi da ke ƙasa da 1.0 yana da juyin juya hali—yana nuna cewa lokacin da aka yi la'akari da inganci (aiki) na zafin 70°C da aka dawo da shi, jimillar fitarwa mai amfani (lissafi + zafi mai inganci) ya wuce shigar da makamashin lantarki da ake buƙata don lissafin kanta, yana haifar da riba ta zahiri a cikin makamashi mai amfani daga hangen tsarin.

5. Yanayin Amfani & Nazarin Lamura

Zafin 70°C da aka dawo da shi yana buɗe aikace-aikace daban-daban:

Dumama Gundumomi: Ciyarwa cikin hanyoyin sadarwar dumama gundumomi masu ƙarancin zafi (ƙarni na 4/5), kamar yadda ake gani a ƙasashen Arewa.
Ayyukan Gine-gine: Samar da dumama sarari da ruwan zafi na gida don gidaje da gine-ginen kasuwanci.
Noma: Dumama gidajen ganyaye (misali, don noman wiwi, gonakin tsaye) da wuraren kiwo na ruwa. Takardar ta ambaci wani lamari inda zafin da ba a yi amfani da shi ba daga cibiyar bayanai ta MW 45 zai iya dumama gidan ganyen kadada 8.34 a duk shekara.
Dumama na Farko na Masana'antu: Zama tushen dumama na farko don hanyoyin masana'antu ko na'urorin ɗaukar zafi masu ƙarfafawa, rage cinyewar man fetur na farko.

Misalin Tsarin Nazari (Ba Code ba): Don kimanta yuwuwar turawa, mutum na iya amfani da matrix mai sauƙi na yuwuwar. Don gonar haƙa da aka tsara ta MW 1 a cikin yanayi mai sanyi: 1. Abubuwan Shigarwa: Nauyin lantarki (1 MW), hasashen zafin fitar ruwan sanyaya (65-70°C), zafin yanayi na gida, bayanin buƙatun dumama na mai amfani da aka yi niyya (misali, gidan ganyaye). 2. Samfuri: Aiwatar da dabarar aiki don ƙididdige zafin da ake iya dawowa mai amfani ($\text{Aiki}_{\text{zafi}}$). 3. Daidaitawa: Kwatanta bayanin lokaci da ƙididdiga na samar da zafi (koyaushe daga haƙa) tare da buƙata (mai canzawa don dumama). Wannan rashin daidaituwa shine babban ƙalubale, sau da yawa yana buƙatar ajiyar zafi (kamar tankin 190L). 4. Tattalin Arziki: Ƙididdige kashe kuɗin jari (tsarin sanyaya, mai musayar zafi, bututu) vs. ceton kuɗin aiki (rage farashin man dumama, yuwuwar ƙimar carbon). Lokacin biyan kuɗi ya dogara da farashin makamashi na gida.

6. Nazarin Kwatance & Yanayin Masana'antu

Takardar ta sanya sanyaya da feshin ruwa a kan wasu hanyoyin:

Sanyaya da Iska: Hanyar da ta fi rinjaye. Mai sauƙi amma ba shi da inganci don dawo da zafi; iskar da aka dawo da ita tana da ƙarancin inganci (<40°C) kuma yana da wahalar jigilar su. Hampus (wanda aka ambata) ya ba da rahoton cewa kawai 5.5–30.5% na shigar da lantarki ana iya dawo da su azaman zafi mai amfani.
Sanyaya ta Nutsarwa: Ana nutsar da kayan aiki a cikin ruwa mai hana wutar lantarki. Mai kyau ga sanyaya guntu kuma yana ba da damar dawo da zafi, amma bazai iya samun matsakaicin zafin fitarwa mai tsayi da kwanciyar hankali kamar yadda aka yi niyya ba.
Wannan Aikin (Sanyaya da Feshi): Yana nufin "matsakaicin wuri"—haɗa ingantaccen sarrafa zafi a matakin guntu tare da ikon samar da ruwan sanyaya mai zafi akai-akai (70°C), yana haɓaka aiki don haka ƙimar tattalin arzikin zafin da aka dawo da shi.

Aikin ya yi daidai da manyan yanayi a cikin "ingantaccen makamashi" ko "lissafin carbon mara kyau", kama da ra'ayoyin da aka bincika don cibiyoyin bayanai masu ƙarfin lissafi (HPC), amma ana amfani da su ga masana'antar haƙa mafi sassauƙa ta yanki da jurewa yawan zafi.

7. Hanyoyin Gaba & Duban Bincike

Inganta Tsarin: Ƙarin aiki akan inganta ikon famfo, tsarin ruwa mai hana wutar lantarki don ƙarin ƙarfin zafi na musamman, da ingantattun tsarin sarrafawa don daidaita zafin guntu da zafin fitar ruwan sanyaya a hankali.
Haɗawa da Sabuntawa: Haɗa dawo da zafin haƙa tare da tushen sabuntawa na lokaci-lokaci (hasken rana PV, iska). Masu haƙa za su iya zama nauyin zafi mai sassauƙa, koyaushe a kunne wanda ke ba da kwanciyar hankali na fitar da zafi, yana haɗawa da samar da wutar lantarki mai canzawa.
Daidaituwar Ma'aunin Aiki: Ba da shawarar amfani da ma'auni masu dogara da aiki kamar $\text{PUE}_{\text{ex}}$ a matsayin ma'auni na masana'antu don kimanta kayan aikin lissafi mai dorewa, wucewa daga hangen nesa na iyaka na PUE.
Kimiyyar Kayan Aiki: Haɓaka ruwan sanyaya mai hana wutar lantarki mafi inganci da kuma muhalli.
Samfuran Tattalin Arziki & Manufofi: Bincika cikin samfuran kasuwanci (Zafi-a-matakin Sabis ga masu haƙa) da tsarin manufofi waɗanda ke ƙarfafa amfani da zafin da ba a yi amfani da shi ba, kamar ingantattun ƙimar carbon ko sharuɗɗan haɗin gwiwar grid masu dacewa don wuraren da ke dawo da zafi, yana mai da nauyin lantarki mai cutarwa zuwa kadara mai tallafawa kayan aiki. Makomar lissafi mai cinye makamashi ya ta'allaka ne a cikin irin wannan haɗin gwiwa, kamar yadda hanyoyin haɗin gwiwa da ake buƙata don cimma maƙasudai na rage carbon da aka zayyana a cikin rahotanni kamar hanyar IEA ta Net Zero ta 2050.

8. Nassoshi

Cambridge Bitcoin Electricity Consumption Index. (2023). Cambridge Centre for Alternative Finance.
Zhang, H., et al. (2021). Cooling technologies for data centres and cryptocurrency mining: A review. Applied Thermal Engineering, 185, 116366.
Hampus, A. (2020). Waste Heat Recovery from Bitcoin Mining for Greenhouse Heating. MSc Thesis, KTH Royal Institute of Technology.
Enachescu, C. (2022). Thermodynamic and economic analysis of data centre waste heat reuse for cannabis cultivation. Energy Reports, 8, 12430-12441.
Agrodome / Blockchain Dome Project Case Study. (2018). United American Corp.
ASHRAE. (2018). ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 188-2018: Legionellosis: Risk Management for Building Water Systems.
Zhu, J., et al. (2017). Unpaired Image-to-Image Translation using Cycle-Consistent Adversarial Networks. Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV). (Nassoshi na CycleGAN don kwatancin samfurin ƙirƙira a cikin inganta tsarin).
IEA. (2022). World Energy Outlook 2022. International Energy Agency. (Don mahallin buƙatun dumama na duniya da hanyoyin rage carbon).

9. Ra'ayin Manazarcin: Fahimta ta Tsaki & Abubuwan da za a iya Aiwa

Fahimta ta Tsaki: Wannan takarda ba kawai game da mafi kyawun sanyaya ba ne; yana da tushen sake fasalin samfurin kasuwancin hakar kudi na sirri. Marubutan sun yi nasarar sake fasalin masu haƙa daga masu amfani da wutar lantarki kawai zuwa yuwuwar raka'a masu haɗa zafi da wutar lantarki (CHP). Nasara ita ce samun fitarwa na 70°C—wannan ba "zafin ɓarna" bane, yana da kayan kasuwanci da ake iya sayarwa wanda ya cika ka'idojin gine-gine. Sauyin daga PUE na makamashi (1.03) zuwa PUE na aiki (0.95) shine hujja mai kashewa: ta hanyar lissafi ta tabbatar da cewa a wannan matakin zafin jiki, haƙa na iya zama tsari mai inganci na thermodynamic don fitar da aiki mai amfani, ra'ayi mai zurfi ga maki ESG da karɓuwar ƙa'ida.

Kwararar Hankali: Hujjar tana da sauƙi mai kyau: 1) Amfani da makamashin Bitcoin yana da girma kuma yana da matsala. 2) Zafin a halin yanzu ana ɓarna shi tare da sanyaya iska mai ƙarancin ƙima. 3) Tsarin mu na feshin ruwa yana kama shi a babban zafin jiki (70°C). 4) Babban zafin jiki yana nufin babban aiki (inganci). 5) Don haka, lokacin da kuka yi la'akari da aiki, jimillar fitarwa mai amfani na tsarin ya wuce shigar da lantarki (PUE_ex < 1). Wannan yana canza labarin daga "ƙarancin mara kyau" zuwa "mai yuwuwar amfani."

Ƙarfi & Kurakurai: Ƙarfi: Sakamakon filin na 70°C yana da ƙarfi kuma yana jan hankali. PUE wanda ya dogara da aiki ma'auni ne mai haske, mai ƙwaƙƙwaran ilimi wanda ya kamata ya zama ma'auni na masana'antu. Takardar tana haɗa babban matakan thermodynamic tare da injiniyanci mai amfani yadda ya kamata. Kurakurai: Nazarin yana da ɗan keɓe. Bai cika fuskantar rashin daidaituwar lokaci ba—haƙa yana samar da zafi akai-akai, amma buƙatun dumama yana da yanayi kuma na rana. Tankin 190L farawa ne, amma ajiyar yanayi matsala ce mafi wahala. Nazarin tattalin arziki yana da haske; CapEx don wannan tsarin sanyaya na musamman idan aka kwatanta da sanyaya da iska na al'ada yana da mahimmanci, kuma biyan kuɗi ya dogara gaba ɗaya akan farashin zafi na gida, waɗanda galibi suna da ƙasa. Hakanan ya kauce wa babban muhawara game da tsarin yarda na Aikin Tabbatar da Aikin Bitcoin da kansa, kamar yadda kira na IEA na maimaitawa na inganci a cikin sashin dijital ya nuna.

Fahimta masu Aiki: 1. Ga Masu Gudanar da Hakar Ma'adinai: Gwada wannan fasahar ba kawai don inganci ba, amma a matsayin wasan rarraba kudaden shiga. Kai wuraren da ke da buƙatun zafi na shekara-shekara, (misali, noma a cikin gida, hanyoyin sadarwar dumama gundumomi) da babban iskar gas/farashin wutar lantarki. Yi amfani da ma'aunin aiki-PUE a cikin rahoton ku na dorewa. 2. Ga Masu Zuba Jari: Kimanta harkokin haƙa ba kawai akan ƙimar hash da farashin wutar lantarki ba, amma akan "Yuwuwar Samun Kuɗi daga Zafi." Ma'adinan da ke da yarjejeniya na fitarwa don ruwan 70°C kadara ce ta asali daban kuma mai ƙarancin haɗari fiye da wanda ke fitar da iskar 40°C. 3. Ga Masu Tsara Manufofi: Ƙirƙirar ƙarfafawa waɗanda ke ba da lada fitar aiki mai amfani, ba kawai ƙarancin PUE ba. Yi la'akari da hanyoyin ƙimar carbon ko rage kuɗin grid don wuraren da za su iya nuna babban dawo da aiki da haɗawa cikin hanyoyin sadarwar dumama na gida, yana mai da nauyin lantarki mai cutarwa zuwa kadara mai tallafawa kayan aiki. Makomar lissafi mai cinye makamashi ya ta'allaka ne a cikin irin wannan haɗin gwiwa, kamar yadda hanyoyin haɗin gwiwa da ake buƙata don cimma maƙasudai na rage carbon da aka zayyana a cikin rahotanni kamar hanyar IEA ta Net Zero ta 2050.